Panama’s culture is shaped by its geographical location and rich history. Over the centuries, the movement of people from different backgrounds has created a melting pot of cultures, resulting in a diverse and unique national identity.
In Panama’s central provinces, Spanish influence is evident in local folklore, particularly in the national dress, “La Pollera”, which is accompanied by elaborate gold jewelry. Meanwhile, in the northern province of Colón, Afro-Antillean heritage has left a strong imprint on the local culture, reflected in the “Congo Queen” dance and the vibrant, colorful Caribbean attire. The traditions of Panama’s indigenous communities, the original inhabitants of the isthmus, also remain present in the country’s language, customs, and cultural expressions, particularly in indigenous territories where ancestral ways of life are carefully preserved.
Panama’s cultural fusion continues to evolve, with each new wave of migration adding its own distinct contributions to this dynamic and ever-growing identity.
Folklore – A Celebration of Colors, Sounds, and Heritage
Panama’s traditional attire, “La Pollera Gala” for women and the Montuno for men, originated in the country’s central provinces. This exquisite outfit consists of a handmade skirt and blouse, available in a variety of colors and intricate designs. Complementing the outfit are traditional accessories, including beautifully crafted combs, necklaces, and “Tembleques”—delicate, decorative hairpieces that add a touch of elegance and grace.
Panama’s folklore is deeply rooted in history and tradition, reflecting a fusion of Spanish, African, and indigenous influences. Each region of the country has its own unique customs, dances, and music that celebrate this rich cultural heritage.
Example of a Red Gala Pollera. These are hand made by artisans in Panama and many are passed down from generation to generation.
Head Jewelry worn with the national outfit, la pollera. The "peineton" or big comb, and the two smaller combs.
The golden jewelry worn with the pollera.
Close up of how the jewelry is worn with the Pollera.
Traditional hand made hat worn by men in Panama, it is an essential part of the men's national outfit, it is known as "Sombrero pintado"
Example of the formal national outfit for men, known as "Montuno"